Technological watch
Localización y regionalización: el cambiante panorama de la cadena de suministro global
El mundo ha experimentado perturbaciones económicas sin precedentes en los dos últimos años, debido en parte a las medidas para la contención de la pandemia del Covid-19 que dificultaron la movilidad y provocaron una reducción del gasto y del consumo de bienes y servicios. La situación ha puesto a prueba la resiliencia de las cadenas de suministro mundiales, ya que inevitablemente ha tenido su impacto en la oferta y la demanda.Para mitigar el impacto económico de la pandemia, ha tenido lugar una diversificación de la oferta y la demanda para facilitar la obtención de materias primas y componentes esenciales, así como una distribución más rápida de productos acabados y el acceso a los mercados de mano de obra cualificada o instalaciones de fabricación. Los fabricantes de todo el mundo han localizado o regionalizado su producción para reducir o incluso eliminar su dependencia de fuentes que se perciben como arriesgadas, según indica www.k-online.com
Photo: Messe Düsseldorf, Constanze Tillmann.Notas a pie de página
1. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/publication/china-economic-update-december-2021
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/20220114/d7db76814ffd47c0b50d2a8fab4988da/c.html
3. https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/Mzk5MzcxNjEz
4. https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ASEAN-KEY-FIGURES-2021-FINAL-1.pdf
5. Ibid.
6. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/safeguarding-our-lives-and-our-livelihoods-the-imperative-of-our-time
7. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ACRF-Implementation-Plan Pub-2020.pdf
8. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.-Consolidated-Strategy-on-the-4IR-for-ASEAN.pdf
9. https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-asia/sea-digital-decade/
10. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.-Consolidated-Strategy-on-the-4IR-for-ASEAN.pdf
11. https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-asia/sea-digital-decade/
12. https://www.weforum.org/projects/circular-economy
13. https://www.circle-economy.com/resources/circularity-gap-report-2021
14. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/the-world-needs-a-circular-economy-lets-make-it-happen/
15. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Brochure-Circular-Economy-Final.pdf
16. http://plasticsandrubberasia.com/mar2021/materials/materials-news-asia-trying-to-make-a-clean-break-from-plastic-waste.html
17. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/03/21/better-managing-plastic-waste-could-combat-marine-pollution-and-unlock-billions-of-dollars-for-a-circular-economy-southe
18. Market Study for Malaysia: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021-https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35296
19. Malaysia Roadmap Towards Zero Single-use Plastics - https://www.moe.gov.my/images/KPM/UKK/2019/06_Jun/Malaysia-Roadmap-Towards-Zero-Single-Use-Plastics-2018-2030.pdf
20. Market Study for Malaysia: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021-https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35296
21. Ibid.
22. Market Study for the Philippines: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021- https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35295
23. Market Study for the Thailand: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021-https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35114
24. Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0797-x
25. Our World in Data, 2020 - https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#global-co2-emissions-from-fossil-fuels-global-co2-emissions-from-fossil-fuels)
26. Ibid.
27. World Energy Outlook 2021 - https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021/executive-summary
28. https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/COP26-Presidency-Outcomes-The-Climate-Pact.pdf
29. 2018 IRENA Renewable Power Generation Costs
30. https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/blog/global-ma-by-the-numbers-2021-recap
31. Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis Dec 2021 - http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Coal-Lock-In-in-Southeast-Asia_December-2021_5.pdf
2
32. Electricity Storage and Renewables: Cost and markets to 2030 - https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Oct/IRENA_Electricity_Storage_Costs_2017_Summary.pdf?la=en&hash=2FDC44939920F8D2BA29CB762C607BC9E882D4E9
33. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323125602.htm
34. Ibid.
35. The Future of Electric Vehicles in Southeast Asia report, Frost & Sullivan-Nissan, 2018 - https://frost-apac.com/BDS/whitepaper/Nissan_whitepaper.pdf
36. https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/thai-government-announces-ev-roadmap.html
37. https://www.cekindo.com/blog/investing-indonesia-battery-electric-vehicle
38. Decarbonization of Transport: EV & EV battery development plan in Indonesia, KPMG, 2021-https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/id/pdf/2021/07/id-ev-and-battery-development-plan-indonesia.pdf
39. https://www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/ev-policy-to-be-ready-by-july/
40. https://vietnamnews.vn/economy/1034705/vama-sets-plans-to-develop-local-electric-vechicles.html
41. https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13878544
La ASEAN, que aún se encuentra en sus primeras fases de adopción de la economía circular, se está enfrentando al agotamiento de los recursos, al consumo insostenible de materias primas, a los fallos en las cadenas de valor de los productos y al cambio climático, y todo ello está afectando al crecimiento económico de la regiónChina se ha visto afectada por el brote de Covid-19, las deudas y la recesión inmobiliaria. Se espera que su expansión alcance el 8% en 2021 antes de ralentizarse al 5,1% en 2022. No obstante, a medida que los mercados se estabilicen, se espera que el crecimiento se recupere en 2023.
Hay una falta de demanda local de plásticos reciclados, ya que los precios mundiales del petróleo (que afectan a los precios de los plásticos vírgenes) se han mantenido volátiles. Los plásticos reciclados tienen que ser entre un 15 y un 30% más baratos que las resinas vírgenes para ser competitivos
Photo: Messe Düsseldorf, Constanze Tillmann.Notas a pie de página
1. https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china/publication/china-economic-update-december-2021
2. http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/20220114/d7db76814ffd47c0b50d2a8fab4988da/c.html
3. https://research.hktdc.com/en/article/Mzk5MzcxNjEz
4. https://www.aseanstats.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/ASEAN-KEY-FIGURES-2021-FINAL-1.pdf
5. Ibid.
6. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/strategy-and-corporate-finance/our-insights/safeguarding-our-lives-and-our-livelihoods-the-imperative-of-our-time
7. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/ACRF-Implementation-Plan Pub-2020.pdf
8. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.-Consolidated-Strategy-on-the-4IR-for-ASEAN.pdf
9. https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-asia/sea-digital-decade/
10. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/6.-Consolidated-Strategy-on-the-4IR-for-ASEAN.pdf
11. https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-asia/sea-digital-decade/
12. https://www.weforum.org/projects/circular-economy
13. https://www.circle-economy.com/resources/circularity-gap-report-2021
14. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/01/the-world-needs-a-circular-economy-lets-make-it-happen/
15. https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/Brochure-Circular-Economy-Final.pdf
16. http://plasticsandrubberasia.com/mar2021/materials/materials-news-asia-trying-to-make-a-clean-break-from-plastic-waste.html
17. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/press-release/2021/03/21/better-managing-plastic-waste-could-combat-marine-pollution-and-unlock-billions-of-dollars-for-a-circular-economy-southe
18. Market Study for Malaysia: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021-https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35296
19. Malaysia Roadmap Towards Zero Single-use Plastics - https://www.moe.gov.my/images/KPM/UKK/2019/06_Jun/Malaysia-Roadmap-Towards-Zero-Single-Use-Plastics-2018-2030.pdf
20. Market Study for Malaysia: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021-https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35296
21. Ibid.
22. Market Study for the Philippines: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021- https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35295
23. Market Study for the Thailand: Plastics circularity opportunities and barriers, World Bank, 2021-https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/35114
24. Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-0797-x
25. Our World in Data, 2020 - https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions#global-co2-emissions-from-fossil-fuels-global-co2-emissions-from-fossil-fuels)
26. Ibid.
27. World Energy Outlook 2021 - https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2021/executive-summary
28. https://ukcop26.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/COP26-Presidency-Outcomes-The-Climate-Pact.pdf
29. 2018 IRENA Renewable Power Generation Costs
30. https://www.spglobal.com/marketintelligence/en/news-insights/blog/global-ma-by-the-numbers-2021-recap
31. Institute for Energy Economics and Financial Analysis Dec 2021 - http://ieefa.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Coal-Lock-In-in-Southeast-Asia_December-2021_5.pdf
2
32. Electricity Storage and Renewables: Cost and markets to 2030 - https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2017/Oct/IRENA_Electricity_Storage_Costs_2017_Summary.pdf?la=en&hash=2FDC44939920F8D2BA29CB762C607BC9E882D4E9
33. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/03/200323125602.htm
34. Ibid.
35. The Future of Electric Vehicles in Southeast Asia report, Frost & Sullivan-Nissan, 2018 - https://frost-apac.com/BDS/whitepaper/Nissan_whitepaper.pdf
36. https://ihsmarkit.com/research-analysis/thai-government-announces-ev-roadmap.html
37. https://www.cekindo.com/blog/investing-indonesia-battery-electric-vehicle
38. Decarbonization of Transport: EV & EV battery development plan in Indonesia, KPMG, 2021-https://assets.kpmg/content/dam/kpmg/id/pdf/2021/07/id-ev-and-battery-development-plan-indonesia.pdf
39. https://www.mida.gov.my/mida-news/ev-policy-to-be-ready-by-july/
40. https://vietnamnews.vn/economy/1034705/vama-sets-plans-to-develop-local-electric-vechicles.html
41. https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/13878544
La ASEAN, que aún se encuentra en sus primeras fases de adopción de la economía circular, se está enfrentando al agotamiento de los recursos, al consumo insostenible de materias primas, a los fallos en las cadenas de valor de los productos y al cambio climático, y todo ello está afectando al crecimiento económico de la regiónChina se ha visto afectada por el brote de Covid-19, las deudas y la recesión inmobiliaria. Se espera que su expansión alcance el 8% en 2021 antes de ralentizarse al 5,1% en 2022. No obstante, a medida que los mercados se estabilicen, se espera que el crecimiento se recupere en 2023.
Hay una falta de demanda local de plásticos reciclados, ya que los precios mundiales del petróleo (que afectan a los precios de los plásticos vírgenes) se han mantenido volátiles. Los plásticos reciclados tienen que ser entre un 15 y un 30% más baratos que las resinas vírgenes para ser competitivos
This project has been co-funded with the support of the LIFE financial instrument of the European Union [LIFE17 ENV/ES/000438] Life programme
The website reflects only the author's view. The Commission is not responsible for any use thay may be made of the information it contains.Last update: 2022-01-31
